The Apparent Imbalance of Charge Parity
Dimuon and Dielectron Events Around the Z-Boson Mass
Austin Gager06/06/2017
Abstract
Z-Bosons decay into two particles, a process that conserves charge. There are uneven numbers of positive and negative particles in the CMS data about Z-Bosons. Removing the data that includes two charges of the same value (i.e., both + or both -) shows that charge was indeed conserved on the majority of "Z-Boson decay events". However, this means that there are some events that are counted as a Z-Boson decay which must be something else because these events do not have a net zero charge value.
Introduction
Z-Bosons are neutral particles that help mediate the weak force by communicating between electrons and neutrinos. Z-Bosons may be produced for observation in the LHC, where they quickly decay into a particle-antiparticle pair. Z-Bosons can follow two different decay paths - either a +muon and a -muon OR a +electron (positron) and a -electron (a "normal" electron). Because the Z-Boson is a neutral particle, it must produce particles of equal and opposite charge to fulfill the law of charge conservation, as we see in either option.
If this is true, then why does the data for dimuon AND dielectron events around the Z-Boson mass not have equal an opposite amounts of positive and negative decay products? A careful look at the data reveals the truth.
Procedures
In the CMS Data plots, four different plots are used, the Dimuon and the Dielectron events around the Z-Boson Mass each have a plot for Q1 and Q2 respectively. Both Q1 and Q2 graphs must be regarded for either the dimuon or the dielectron events because the "first" and "second" products are labeled arbitrarily.
Regarding these plots, using any bin-width of less than 2/3 (not equal to 2/3) fully seperates the + or - products in the histogram and shows the true measured values for each. Now the total numbers of + and - charges can be directly compared by totalling all + and all - respectively between Q1+Q2 for each plot.
Results
Comparing the total number of + particles to the total number of - particles (Q1 + Q2 for both) shows the inconsistency of the data with the well-accepted notion of charge conservation. Figures 1+2 detail the dimuon events and figures 3+4 detail the dielectron events.
However, after applying a filter for each plot, new evidence becomes apparent. That is, after removing all data (individual events) that involved two muons or electrons of the same charge value, then the numbers equalize and charge-parity is conserved. Figures 5+6 detail the filtered dimuon events and figures 7+8 detail the filtered dielectron events.
The following table contains the rough numerical data:
Type of Event | Total + | Total - | Net Charge
Dimuon (unfiltered) | 2327 | 2279 | + 40
Dielectron (unfiltered) | 669 | 656 | + 13
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dimuon (filtered) | 2147 | 2147 | 0
Dielectron (filtered) | 366 | 366 | 0
Figures
Discussion and Conclusions
As noted in the data table, the total number of charges do indeed produce a net charge of 0 when the data is filtered to only include data with opposite charges. This means that there are roughly 40 and 13 dimuon and dielectron events respectively which occurred around the mass of the Z-Boson but which cannot possibly be the Z-Boson with our current understanding.
This either represents new physics, or more likely, there are probably decay events occurring around the mass of the Z-Boson which are merely another kind of decay or interaction.
Bibliography